In a period marked by climate change and environmental consciousness, sustainable construction methods have become the main focus of most construction processes. Engineers, architects, and developers are continually looking for creative materials and techniques to decrease the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Trees have been utilized to build structures since ancient times, however after the Incomparable Chicago Fire of 1871, wood came to be viewed as hazardous and unsteady compared with the two materials that have since become staples of the construction industry around the world: concrete and steel.
However, a new application of wood has brought it back into the limelight. Structure-related wood, also referred to as “mass timber” is at the centre of the new development. In a nutshell, it entails joining smaller pieces of softwood. A broad category of goods known collectively as mass timber includes laminated veneer lumber (LVL), nail-laminated timber (NLT), dowel-laminated timber (DLT), and glue-laminated (glulam) beams. Cross-laminated timber (CLT), however, is the most popular and well-known type of mass timber and the one that has given rise to the most architectural possibilities. Timber and engineered wood products, such as Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), have emerged as reasonable options in contrast to traditional construction materials most developers are used to.
Not all construction materials are as environmentally friendly as wood. This article will examine the advantages of mass timber in construction.
Sustainability
One of the essential benefits of mass timber is its sustainability. Since wood is a renewable resource, a steady supply is guaranteed via sustainable harvesting methods. Additionally, trees retain carbon dioxide during their development, and this carbon remains stored away in the wood, actually conserving carbon. As mass timber construction turns out to becoming more common, it contributes essentially to diminishing the carbon footprint of structures, making it a crucial aspect in the battle against climate change.
Reduced environmental impact
In comparison with traditional materials like concrete and steel, the production of mass timber produces essentially less environmental effect. Timber processing takes less energy and water, bringing about lower greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the assembling system for mass lumber items is exceptionally proficient, with insignificant waste generation.
Timber parts are accurately designed, lessening waste to a minimum. Mass timber parts are pre-assembled to exact specifications, limiting on-site waste and decreasing the effect on the environment. Timber production also consumes less water. Concrete, for instance, requires significant amounts of water during the mixing and curing processes. This is not the case for timber. Also, it consumes less energy compared with the energy-intensive processes engaged in creating concrete and steel. The energy-saving process starts with timber extraction and goes on all through its handling, transportation, and development stages.
Rapid construction and Cost efficiency
Mass timber products such as CLT panels are prefabricated products that are produced in controlled environments. This process allows for efficient production, control of quality, and customization of components to fit into the project needs. Lesser time is spent on site because of the ease of assembling Mass timber, thereby leading to cost savings and even cheaper equipment costs. Additionally, the use of timber can be more affordable than others, making it the best option for budget-conscious projects. Fewer labor hours can be required in the construction of mass timber components because engineered components only need to be assembled. As a result, construction sites experience fewer disturbances.
Thermal insulation and energy efficiency
As it is well known that wood has a lower thermal conductivity compared to other construction materials, mass timber produces excellent thermal insulation, that is, it conducts heat at a slower rate. This helps maintain stable indoor temperatures, for example, during colder or warmer seasons, mass timber requires less energy for heating or cooling. This, in turn, can lower the operational costs over the lifespan of the building. Mass timber’s ability to maintain a consistent indoor temperature is particularly beneficial in regions with extreme climates and this enhances healthy living or working environment.
Aesthetics
Mass timber allows architects and designs to be creative and produce a range of design possibilities and aesthetic benefits. For example, timber showcases the natural beauty of wood which by the end of the day will create warm and inviting interior and exterior spaces. The physical texture of timber gives a pleasing and natural aesthetic that the occupants can relate to. As mass timber relates to biophilic design elements, the use of wood can improve the well-being of occupants, and reduce stress by fostering a brilliant harmony with nature. Aside from its visual appeal, the use of mass timber in construction can promote sustainability and environmental responsibility.
Sustainable Urban Development
Mass timber construction promotes urban density and sustainable urban development. The lightweight and structural strength of the mass timer makes it suitable for taller buildings, leading to an efficient use of limited urban space. Tall buildings constructed with timbers provide an opportunity to maximize land use, especially in areas with a high population where available spaces or land areas are limited. High-rise buildings made with mass timbers are sustainable alternatives to traditional construction materials. They have a lower carbon footprint which contributes to reduced greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. Urban areas infused with mass timber buildings enhance the landscape with green architecture. Nowadays, many urban areas are making use of regulations and incentives that promote sustainable construction practices, which include the use of mass timber. Zoning codes and green building certifications are being introduced to recognize and reward sustainable attributes of timber construction.
Conclusion
Natural resources obtained from forests are renewable but there’s a need for proper management so as to ensure a continuous production of resources from these forests such as wood. The importance of wood to our economy cannot be overemphasized, however, the sustainability of this resource is crucial. There’s a need to introduce sustainable practices that will ensure the long-term health and availability of wood. Architects, engineers, and designers should also ensure to make demands for building products that are sustainably certified.
References:
David Roberts (2020). The hottest new thing in sustainable building is, uh, wood. [online]. (Last updated 15 January 2020). Available at: https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/1/15/21058051/climate-change-building-materials-mass-timber-cross-laminated-clt
Falk, Robert H. (2010). Wood as a sustainable building material. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. Forest Products Laboratory. p. 1.1-1.6.
